@font-face {
  font-family: Manrope;
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('../fonts/manrope-regular.ttf') format('truetype');
}
@font-face {
  font-family: Manrope;
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('../fonts/manrope-medium.ttf') format('truetype');
}
@font-face {
  font-family: Manrope;
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('../fonts/manrope-semibold.ttf') format('truetype');
}
@font-face {
  font-family: Manrope;
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('../fonts/manrope-bold.ttf') format('truetype');
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('../fonts/ibm-plex-mono-regular.ttf') format('truetype');
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Font Awesome 5 Brands';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: block;
  src: url('../fonts/fa-brands-400.woff2') format('woff2');
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Font Awesome 5 Free';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 900;
  font-display: block;
  src: url('../fonts/fa-solid-900.woff2') format('woff2');
}

:root {
  color-scheme: light;
  --page: #f7f7f2;
  --ink: #191d27;
  --body: #414652;
  --muted: #646978;
  --accent: #2445de;
  /* Screen approximation of International Klein Blue, used only for the hero background. */
  --hero: #002fa7;
  --hero-ink: #fff;
  --hero-muted: #e1e7ff;
  --portrait-backing: #ffffff0a;
  --portrait-edge: #ffffff24;
  --portrait-shadow: #00134b5c;
  --line: #d9dcd5;
  --soft: #eceee8;
  --max-width: 1160px;
  --mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
  font-family: Manrope, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
  font-synthesis: none;
}

:root[data-theme='dark'] {
  color-scheme: dark;
  --page: #131821;
  --ink: #f0f2f6;
  --body: #c2c8d3;
  --muted: #a0aaba;
  --accent: #a9baff;
  --hero: #072785;
  --portrait-backing: #ffffff05;
  --portrait-edge: #a9baff24;
  --portrait-shadow: #000b3880;
  --line: #343c49;
  --soft: #202938;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; scroll-padding-top: 104px; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  min-width: 320px;
  background: var(--page);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}
body.lightbox-open { overflow: hidden; }
button, a { -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; }
button { font: inherit; }
a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
button, img { max-width: 100%; }
img { display: block; }
h1, h2, h3, p { margin: 0; }
h2, h3, p { text-wrap: pretty; }
::selection { color: var(--page); background: var(--ink); }
:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 5px; }

.section-shell, .nav-shell {
  width: min(calc(100% - 96px), var(--max-width));
  margin-inline: auto;
}
.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  top: 8px;
  left: 8px;
  z-index: 100;
  padding: 10px 16px;
  color: var(--page);
  background: var(--ink);
  transform: translateY(-150%);
}
.skip-link:focus { transform: none; }

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 20;
  background: var(--page);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.nav-shell {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 78px;
  gap: 28px;
}
.wordmark {
  display: inline-flex;
  justify-self: start;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 44px;
  padding-block: 8px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 23px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: .025em;
}
.wordmark-text {
  display: inline-block;
  white-space: nowrap;
  transition: transform 240ms ease;
}
.wordmark-i {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
}
/* Keep the real letter for text selection; lift only its tittle visually. */
.wordmark-i-stem {
  display: inline-block;
  clip-path: inset(.35em -.02em -.02em -.02em);
}
.wordmark-i::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: .12em;
  left: calc(50% - .0125em);
  width: .12em;
  height: .12em;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: currentColor;
  transform: translate(-50%, -.13em);
  transition: transform 240ms ease;
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  .wordmark:focus-visible .wordmark-text { transform: translateY(-2px); }
  .wordmark:focus-visible .wordmark-i::before { transform: translate(-50%, -.19em); }
}
@media (hover: hover) and (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  .wordmark:hover .wordmark-text { transform: translateY(-2px); }
  .wordmark:hover .wordmark-i::before { transform: translate(-50%, -.19em); }
}
.nav-links {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 24px;
}
.nav-links a {
  position: relative;
  padding: 15px 2px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: color 160ms ease;
}
.nav-links a:hover, .nav-links a[aria-current='true'] { color: var(--accent); }
.nav-indicator-track {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  overflow: clip;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.nav-indicator {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 5px;
  left: 0;
  width: var(--indicator-width, 0px);
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--accent);
  transform: translateX(var(--indicator-x, 0px));
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: width 220ms ease, transform 240ms ease, opacity 160ms ease;
}
.indicator-active .nav-indicator { opacity: 1; }
.theme-toggle {
  display: grid;
  justify-self: end;
  place-items: center;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  padding: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 50%;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: color 160ms ease, border-color 160ms ease;
}
.theme-toggle:hover { color: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); }

.hero-band { color: var(--hero-ink); background: var(--hero); }
.hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 296px;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 64px;
  min-height: 570px;
  padding-block: 86px;
}
.hero-copy { min-width: 0; }
h1 {
  font-size: clamp(64px, 7.4vw, 102px);
  line-height: 1.05;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -.015em;
  word-spacing: .085em;
}
.hero-slogan {
  margin-top: 24px;
  color: var(--hero-muted);
  font-size: 21px;
  letter-spacing: .015em;
}
.social-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px 28px;
  margin-top: 52px;
}
.social-links a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 9px;
  min-height: 44px;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 500;
  text-underline-offset: 6px;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
}
.social-links a:hover { text-decoration-line: underline; }
.hero a:focus-visible { outline-color: white; }
.social-links .fab, .social-links .fas, .social-links .ai { font-size: 17px; }
.portrait-slot {
  --portrait-shape: 46% 46% 32% 32% / 36% 36% 25% 25%;
  position: relative;
  isolation: isolate;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
  margin: 0;
}
.portrait-slot::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 2px;
  z-index: -1;
  border: 1px solid var(--portrait-edge);
  border-radius: var(--portrait-shape);
  background: var(--portrait-backing);
  transform: translate(-13px, 14px) rotate(-7deg);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.portrait-surface {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: var(--portrait-shape);
  box-shadow: 0 28px 48px -18px var(--portrait-shadow), 0 8px 20px -10px var(--portrait-shadow);
  transform: translateY(-5px) rotate(3deg);
  transition: transform 360ms cubic-bezier(.2, .7, .25, 1);
}
.portrait-image {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center top;
  transform: scale(1.13);
  transform-origin: 50% 0;
}
@media (hover: hover) and (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  .portrait-slot:hover .portrait-surface { transform: translateY(-11px) rotate(1deg); }
}

.about-grid { padding-top: 94px; padding-bottom: 80px; }
.bio-panel, .news-panel, .content-panel:not(.publications-panel) {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 200px minmax(0, 1fr);
  column-gap: 56px;
  align-items: start;
}
.section-heading { min-width: 0; }
.section-index {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 13px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.section-heading h2 {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .075em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.bio-copy { max-width: 760px; }
.bio-copy p {
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.8;
}
.bio-copy p + p { margin-top: 22px; }
.news-panel {
  margin-top: 36px;
  padding-top: 27px;
}
.news-panel .section-heading h2 { font-size: 15px; }
.news-status { color: var(--body); font-size: 16px; }
.content-section { padding-block: 48px 66px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.experience-row, .education-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 94px minmax(0, 1fr) 150px;
  gap: 26px;
  align-items: start;
}
.experience-row + .experience-row, .education-row + .education-row {
  margin-top: 35px;
  padding-top: 35px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.school-logo-wrap, .company-logo-wrap {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 94px;
  min-height: 66px;
  padding: 4px;
}
.company-logo, .school-logo { max-width: 100%; max-height: 58px; object-fit: contain; }
.tencent-logo { width: 52px; height: 52px; border-radius: 50%; }
.huawei-logo { width: 66px; }
.ucla-logo { width: 78px; }
.hkust-logo { width: 90px; }
:root[data-theme='dark'] .ucla-logo { filter: brightness(1.55) saturate(.7); }
:root[data-theme='dark'] .hkust-logo { filter: brightness(3) saturate(.55); }
.experience-company h3, .education-copy h3 {
  font-size: 19px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -.016em;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.experience-company p { margin-top: 4px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; }
.experience-copy p, .education-copy p { margin-top: 12px; color: var(--body); font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.7; }
.education-copy p { margin-top: 8px; }
.experience-meta, .education-meta {
  display: grid;
  gap: 5px;
  justify-items: end;
  padding-top: 4px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.experience-meta span:first-child, .education-meta span:first-child { color: var(--ink); }

#publications { padding-top: 54px; padding-bottom: 0; }
.publications-heading {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-end;
  gap: 32px;
  padding-bottom: 40px;
}
.publications-heading .section-index { margin-bottom: 16px; }
.publications-heading h2 {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 42px;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -.02em;
  text-transform: none;
}
.text-link, .paper-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  min-height: 40px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-underline-offset: 6px;
}
.text-link:hover, .paper-link:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.text-link .icon-arrow, .paper-link .icon-arrow, .site-footer .icon-arrow { font-size: 12px; transform: rotate(-40deg); }
.publication-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 320px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 50px;
  align-items: center;
  padding-block: 40px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.publication-visual {
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #dedfe3;
  border-radius: 3px;
  cursor: zoom-in;
  transition: transform 220ms ease, box-shadow 220ms ease;
}
.publication-visual img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.publication-visual--cover img { object-position: 50% 46%; }
.publication-visual--uni-opd img { object-position: 50% 34%; }
.publication-visual--claim img { object-position: 46% 50%; }
.publication-visual--hallucination img { object-position: 50% 24%; }
.publication-visual--contain img { padding: 10px; object-fit: contain; }
.publication-visual:hover, .publication-visual:focus-visible {
  transform: scale(1.035);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 26px #10192b12;
}
.figure-affordance {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 9px;
  right: 9px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 5px 9px;
  color: #fff;
  background: #19243a;
  font-size: 14px;
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 160ms ease;
}
.publication-visual:hover .figure-affordance, .publication-visual:focus-visible .figure-affordance { opacity: 1; }
.publication-year { margin-bottom: 9px; color: var(--accent); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 14px; }
.publication-copy h3 { font-size: 22px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; letter-spacing: -.015em; }
.publication-copy h3 a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.publication-authors { margin-top: 13px; color: var(--body); font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.7; }
.publication-authors strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 700; }
.publication-venue { display: inline; margin-right: 24px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; }
.paper-link { margin-top: 10px; }

.image-lightbox {
  width: min(94vw, 1480px);
  max-width: none;
  max-height: 92dvh;
  margin: auto;
  padding: 52px 20px 18px;
  overflow: auto;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--page);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 4px;
}
.image-lightbox::backdrop { background: #09101bd9; }
.lightbox-figure { display: grid; gap: 18px; width: 100%; margin: 0; }
.lightbox-image { width: 100%; height: auto; max-height: calc(88dvh - 130px); object-fit: contain; }
.lightbox-caption { color: var(--body); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5; }
.lightbox-close {
  position: absolute;
  top: 6px;
  right: 8px;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  padding: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.lightbox-close:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.site-footer {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  padding-block: 32px 42px;
  margin-top: 48px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.site-footer p:last-child { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 15px; }
.site-footer a { color: var(--accent); }
.site-footer a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }

.fab, .fas { display: inline-block; font-style: normal; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
.fab { font-family: 'Font Awesome 5 Brands'; font-weight: 400; }
.fas { font-family: 'Font Awesome 5 Free'; font-weight: 900; }
.icon-github::before { content: '\f09b'; }
.icon-linkedin::before { content: '\f0e1'; }
.icon-envelope::before { content: '\f0e0'; }
.icon-arrow::before { content: '\f061'; }
.icon-sun::before { content: '\f185'; }
.icon-moon::before { content: '\f186'; }
.icon-expand::before { content: '\f065'; }
.icon-close::before { content: '\f00d'; }

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .section-shell, .nav-shell { width: calc(100% - 72px); }
  .hero { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 260px; gap: 36px; min-height: 520px; }
  h1 { font-size: clamp(64px, 7.5vw, 84px); }
  .social-links { gap: 4px 22px; margin-top: 32px; }
  .bio-panel, .news-panel, .content-panel:not(.publications-panel) { grid-template-columns: 155px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 32px; }
  .experience-row, .education-row { grid-template-columns: 72px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 16px 24px; }
  .school-logo-wrap, .company-logo-wrap { width: 72px; }
  .experience-meta, .education-meta { grid-column: 2; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; padding-top: 0; }
  .publication-card { grid-template-columns: 280px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 32px; }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .section-shell, .nav-shell { width: calc(100% - 48px); }
  .nav-shell { min-height: 72px; gap: 16px; }
  .nav-links { gap: 14px; }
  .nav-links a { font-size: 14px; }
  .wordmark { font-size: 21px; }
  .hero { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 220px; gap: 28px; padding-block: 64px; min-height: 440px; }
  h1 { font-size: 64px; }
  .hero-slogan { font-size: 18px; margin-top: 18px; }
  .social-links { gap: 0 18px; margin-top: 24px; }
  .about-grid { padding-top: 62px; padding-bottom: 54px; }
  .bio-panel, .news-panel, .content-panel:not(.publications-panel) { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; }
  .simple-heading { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 18px; }
  .simple-heading .section-index { margin-bottom: 0; }
  .bio-copy p { font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.8; }
  .news-panel { margin-top: 30px; padding-top: 0; gap: 10px; }
  .content-section { padding-block: 36px 44px; }
  .experience-row, .education-row { grid-template-columns: 80px minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .school-logo-wrap, .company-logo-wrap { width: 80px; }
  .publication-card { grid-template-columns: 230px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 26px; padding-block: 32px; }
  .publication-copy h3 { font-size: 20px; }
  .publications-heading h2 { font-size: 36px; }
  .publication-venue { display: block; margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 0; }
  .paper-link { margin-top: 0; }
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  html { scroll-padding-top: 132px; }
  .nav-shell { grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; gap: 0; padding-top: 6px; }
  .wordmark { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; }
  .theme-toggle { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; }
  .nav-links { grid-column: 1 / -1; grid-row: 2; justify-content: space-between; gap: 4px; }
  .nav-links a { padding-block: 12px 15px; }
  .nav-indicator { bottom: 6px; }
  .hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 34px; padding-block: 46px 42px; }
  h1 { font-size: clamp(54px, 13.5vw, 68px); letter-spacing: -.02em; word-spacing: .06em; }
  .hero-slogan { margin-top: 16px; }
  .social-links { display: grid; grid-template-columns: max-content max-content; column-gap: 32px; row-gap: 0; margin-top: 22px; }
  .portrait-slot { width: min(68vw, 268px); justify-self: end; }
  .about-grid { padding-top: 46px; }
  .bio-copy p { font-size: 16px; }
  .experience-row, .education-row { grid-template-columns: 58px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 12px 20px; }
  .company-logo-wrap, .school-logo-wrap { width: 58px; min-height: 54px; padding: 0; }
  .tencent-logo { width: 44px; height: 44px; }
  .huawei-logo { width: 54px; }
  .experience-company h3, .education-copy h3 { font-size: 18px; }
  .experience-copy p, .education-copy p { font-size: 15px; }
  .experience-meta, .education-meta { display: grid; justify-items: start; gap: 2px; white-space: normal; }
  .experience-row + .experience-row, .education-row + .education-row { margin-top: 28px; padding-top: 28px; }
  #publications { padding-top: 40px; }
  .publications-heading { display: block; padding-bottom: 26px; }
  .publications-heading .section-index { margin-bottom: 10px; }
  .text-link { margin-top: 14px; }
  .publication-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 22px; padding-block: 30px; }
  .publication-copy h3 { font-size: 20px; }
  .publication-authors { font-size: 14px; }
  .publication-venue { display: inline; margin-right: 18px; }
  .figure-affordance { font-size: 14px; }
  .site-footer { display: grid; gap: 12px; margin-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 28px; }
  .image-lightbox { width: calc(100vw - 20px); padding: 48px 12px 14px; }
}

@media (hover: none) {
  .figure-affordance { opacity: 1; }
  .publication-visual:hover { transform: none; }
}

@media (max-width: 360px) {
  .nav-shell { width: calc(100% - 24px); }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *, *::before, *::after { transition: none !important; animation: none !important; }
  .publication-visual:hover, .publication-visual:focus-visible { transform: none; }
}

@media print {
  :root { color-scheme: light; --page: #fff; --ink: #111; --body: #333; --muted: #555; --accent: #2445de; --line: #ccc; }
  .site-header, .skip-link, .image-lightbox, .figure-affordance, .site-footer p:last-child { display: none; }
  .section-shell { width: 100%; }
  .hero-band { color: #111; background: #fff; }
  .hero { min-height: 0; padding-block: 0 24px; grid-template-columns: 1fr 130px; }
  .portrait-slot::before { display: none; }
  .portrait-surface { box-shadow: none; transform: none; }
  h1 { font-size: 46px; }
  .hero-slogan { color: #444; }
  .social-links { margin-top: 18px; }
  .about-grid, .content-section { padding-block: 22px; }
  .bio-panel, .news-panel, .content-panel:not(.publications-panel) { grid-template-columns: 140px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 24px; }
  .bio-copy p { font-size: 12px; }
  .publication-card { grid-template-columns: 210px minmax(0, 1fr); break-inside: avoid; }
  .publication-copy h3 { font-size: 16px; }
  .publication-authors { font-size: 11px; }
}